2 Thess 2:8) or attitudes (Eph 4:23; 2 Tim 1:7). However, when substantive beings or entities are called “spirits,” they are always persons. The very concept of “spirit” denotes personhood. All spiritual beings are personal beings. This is true of human beings, who are composed (in part) of spirit (Acts 7:59; Heb 12:23). It is true also of angelic beings, both good angels (Heb 1:14) and fallen angels (Matt 12:43, 45). And it is true of God as such: “God is spirit” (John 4:24). Human beings, angelic
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